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Cold War

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September 2010 (4)

Wednesday, 08 September 2010

Jun 7, 1945	USSR demanded territory & bases from Turkey with joint control of the Dardanelles
Jul 3 1945	United States, France, Britain and the Soviet Union occupy zones of Berlin.
Jul 17, 1945	Potsdam Conference begins in Germany.
Aug 6, 1945	United States Army Air Force drops atom bomb on Hiroshima.
Aug 12, 1945	United States Army Air Force drops atom bomb on Nagasaki.
Aug 16, 1945	Soviet Union and Poland sign treaty accepting Soviet-Polish frontier.
Aug 19, 1945	The Vietminh seize power from Japan in French Indochina.
Sep 2, 1945	Ho Chi Minh, proclaims the independent Democratic Republic of Vietnam
Sep 6, 1945	Communist-influenced nationalists proclaim the Korean People's Republic.
Sep, 20, 1945	Egypt and Syria warn that the creation of a Jewish state in Palestine will lead to war.
Nov 10, 1945	The government of Enver Hoxha in Albania is recognised by the Western powers.
Nov 11, 1945	Josip Tito and his National Front wins elections in Yugoslavia.
Nov 20, 1945	Trial of the major war criminals by the International Military Tribunal begins at 10 a.m. in Nuremberg, Germany
Jan 1, 1946	Polish industrial enterprises employing more than 50 workers are nationalized.
Feb 2, 1946	U.S. Military establish government of Syngman Rhee in South Korea.
Mar 5, 1946	Winston Churchill Gives His "Iron Curtain" Speech
Mar 5, 1946	Winston Churchill makes Iron Curtain speech in Fulton, Missouri.
May 5, 1946	Marines bridge guards attacked by Chinese communists firing mortars near Tangku, China. 1 WIA
May 5, 1946	Civil War breaks out in Greece between British-backed monarchists and communists.
May 26, 1946	Communist Party wins a majority in the general election in Czechoslovakia.
Jun 4, 1946	Juan Perón Becomes President of Argentina
Jun 23, 1946	7 US destroyers anchor off Trieste
Jun 30, 1946	: 9 US and British soldiers wounded in grenade attack, Trieste.
3 Jul, 1946	Klement Gottwald becomes prime minister of Czechoslovakia.
Jul 5, 1946	Bikinis Introduced
Jul 14, 1946	Dr. Spock Publishes The Common Book of Baby and Child Care
Oct 27, 1946	Georgi Dimitrov and the Fatherland Front win general election in Bulgaria.
Mar12, 1947	Harry Truman announces Truman Doctrine and the provision of aid to Greece.
May 31, 1947	Turkish Premier called for continued state of siege after USSR territorial demands in Dardanelles.
Jun 5, 1947	Marshall Plan for economic rehabilitation of Europe announced.
Jun 5, 1947	US protested Soviet-supported coup in Hungary
Jun 5, 1947	General George C. Marshall announces the Marshall Plan.
Jun 6, 1947	10% of Hungarian voters disenfranchised by new law
Jun 13, 1947	First US reconnaissance flight along Siberian coast by B-29 Ferret "Sitting Duck", Vietnam.
Jun 13, 1947	Soviet troops fired on Swedish aid workers in Vienna, Austria, 1 killed
Jun 23, 1947	2 American soldiers shot by Russian soldiers in Vienna, Austria.
Jun 26, 1947	Huks attacked US forces in Philippines
Aug 8 , 1947	Government in Hungary announces a three-year plan of nationalization.
Oct 14, 1947	Chuck Yeager Breaks the Sound Barrier
Nov 14, 1947	United Nations General Assembly call for elections in Korea.
Nov 29, 1947	United Nations adopts a plan for the partition of Palestine into Jewish and Arab zones.
Mar10, 1948	Jan Masaryk, foreign minister in Czechoslovakia, found dead, probably murdered.
Mar 19, 1948	President Eduard Benes of Czechoslovakia resigns.
Apr 1, 1948	The start of the Berlin Airlift.
May 14, 1948	State of Israel established, first Arab-Israeli war began
May 16, 1948	Chaim Weizmann becomes president of Israel.
Jun 14, 1948	Klement Gottwald becomes President of Czechoslovakia.
Jun 15, 1948	60 US B-29 bombers deployed to Great Britain in response to Berlin blockade
Jun 24, 1948	Soviets closed access routes to Western sectors of Berlin (Berlin Blockade began)
Jun 24, 1948	The Soviet Union blockades road and rail traffic between Berlin and the West.
Jun 25, 1948	Berlin airlift began with first planeload of supplies
Jun 28, 1948	Yugoslavia is expelled from the Cominform.
Sep 3, 1948	Wladyslaw Gomulka is forced to resign as leader of the Polish Workers' Party.
Sep 9, 1948	Democratic People's Republic established in North Korea.
Sep 17, 1948	Folke Bernadotte, United Nations mediator in Israel is assassinated by Jewish terrorists.
Oct 24, 1948	In a speech by Bernard Baruch the term Cold War is used for the first time.
Nov 11, 1948	Chinese communist forces capture Manchuria.
Dec12, 1948	United Nations recognizes the government of South Korea.
Dec 28, 1948	Nokrashy Pasha, the prime minister of Egypt, is assassinated by Muslim terrorists.
Feb 24, 1949	Israel agrees an armistice with Egypt.
Apr 4, 1949	North Atlantic Treaty (NATO) is founded to provide opposition to the Soviet Union.
Apr 24, 1949	Communist forces in China capture Nanjing.
May 9, 1949	Soviets lifted Berlin blockade. Total allied casualties: 31 US airmen 39 British & 9 German personnel
May 12, 1949	The Berlin Airlift comes to an end.
May 23, 1949	Federal Republic of Germany (West Germany) comes into being.
Jul 7, 1949	Alger Hiss, suspected of being a communist spy, goes on trial.
Jul 13, 1949	Pope Pius XIII condemns those who support communism.
Sep 12, 1949	Konrad Adenauer becomes Chancellor of Federal Republic of Germany.
Oct 1, 1949	Mao Zedong proclaims the establishment of the People's Republic in China.
Oct 7, 1949	German Democratic Republic (East Germany) comes into being.
Oct 7, 1949	Wilhelm Pieck is elected president of the German Democratic Republic.
Oct 16, 1949	Monarchists defeat communists in Civil War in Greece.
Nov 11, 1949	The Polish United Workers' Party is purged of supporters of Josip Tito.
Nov 14, 1949	Israel ignores the United Nations resolution and moves its capital to Jerusalem.
Jan 1950	Federal Hourly Minimum Wage set at $0.75 an hour.
Jan 12, 1950	Mustafa Pasha forms a nationalist government in Egypt.
Jan 14, 1950	Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV).
Jan 19, 1950	Communist Chinese leader Mao recognized the Republic of Vietnam.
Jan 21, 1950	Former State Department official Alger Hiss, accused of being part of a Communist spy ring, was found guilty in New York of lying to a grand jury. Hiss, who always maintained his innocence, was sentenced to five years in prison; he served less than four.
Jan 21, 1950	Author George Orwell died in London of tuberculosis at age 46.
Jan 23, 1950	The Israeli Knesset approved a resolution proclaiming Jerusalem the capital of Israel.
Jan 24, 1950	Jackie Robinson signed highest contract in Dodger history at $35,000.
Jan 25, 1950	Alger Hiss is convicted for concealing his membership of the Communist Party.
Jan 29, 1950	Riots broke out in Johannesburg, South Africa, over Apartheid.
Jan 29, 1950	The French National Assembly approved legislation granting autonomy to Bao Dai's State of Vietnam.
Jan 31, 1950	Harry Truman orders the development of the hydrogen bomb.
Jan 31, 1950	President Truman announced that he had ordered full-speed development of the hydrogen bomb.
Jan 31, 1950	Paris protested the Soviet recognition of Ho Chi Minh's Democratic Republic of Vietnam.
Feb 1950	Senator Joseph McCarthy made a speech claiming that there were 205 communists working in the US State Dept.
Feb 1950	Frank McNamara paid for a meal at Major’s Cabin Grill in NYC with his newly invented Diners Club card. The cardboard card was the first charge card that could be used at multiple establishments.
Feb 1950	The Viet Minh began an offensive against French troops in Indo China.
Feb 2, 1950	Nuclear physicist Klaus Fuchs was arrested on spy charges.
Feb 7, 1950	The United States recognized Vietnam under the leadership of Emperor Bao Dai (Soviets had recognized Ho Chi Minh)
Feb 9, 1950	Joseph McCarthy claims that there are 205 communists in the US State Department.
Feb 9, 1950	Klaus Fuchs is sentenced to 14 years imprisonment for spying for the Soviet Union.
Feb 9, 1950	Sen. Joseph McCarthy (R, Wisconsin) charged that the State Department was riddled with Communists in a speech at the Republican Women's Club in Wheeling, W. Va.
Feb 12, 1950	Albert Einstein warned against the hydrogen bomb on US national TV.
Feb 13, 1950	Albania becomes the sixth Eastern bloc country to recognize Ho Chi Minh’s Vietnamese government
Feb 14, 1950	China and the Soviet Union sign a 30-year treaty of friendship.
Feb 15, 1950	WM Inge's "Come Back, Little Sheba," premiered in NYC.
Feb 15, 1950	Walt Disney's animated "Cinderella" released.
Feb 15, 1950	Joseph Stalin and Mao Tse-tung signed a mutual defense treaty in Moscow.
Feb 17, 1950	In New York 31 people died in a train crash at Long Island’s Rockville Center.
Feb 18, 1950	John Hughes, director (Breakfast Club, 16 Candles, Weird Science), was born in Lansing, Mich.
Feb 21, 1950	United States formally broke relations with Bulgaria.
Feb 25, 1950	The comedy-variety program "Your Show of Shows," starring Sid Caesar, Imogene Coca, Carl Reiner and, later, Howard Morris, debuted on NBC-TV; writers included Mel Brooks, Neil Simon & Woody Allen.
Feb 26, 1950	Leonard Bernstein's "Age of Anxiety" premiered in NYC.
Feb 28, 1950	The French Assembly in Paris decided to limit the sale of Coca-Cola.
Mar 1, 1950	Chiang Kai-shek resumed the presidency of Nationalist China in Taipei.
Mar 1, 1950	Klaus Fuchs was sentenced in London to 14 years for atomic espionage.
Mar 2, 1950	Silly Putty was introduced to the public. Silly Putty was accidentally invented in 1943 by James Wright of General Electric.
Mar 8, 1950	Marshall Voroshilov of the USSR announced the Soviet Union had developed an atomic bomb. [see August 29, 1949]
Mar 14, 1950	The FBI began its "10 Most Wanted" list after a reporter asked for the names and descriptions of the "toughest guys" the FBI would like to capture.
Mar 16, 1950	Dean Acheson suggests ways that the Soviet Union could end the Cold War.
Mar 18, 1950	Nationalist troops landed on the mainland of China and captured Communist held Sungmen.
Mar 19, 1950	Edgar Rice Burroughs (74), sci-fi author and the creator of Tarzan, died.
Mar 23, 1950	At the Academy Awards, "All the King's Men" won best picture of 1949
Mar 26, 1950	Senator Joe McCarthy named Owen Lattimore, an ex-State Department adviser, as a Soviet spy.
Mar 30, 1950	President Truman denounced Senator Joe McCarthy as a saboteur of U.S. foreign policy.
Apr 1, 1950	Charles R. Drew (45), surgeon, developer of blood bank concept, died.
Apr 8, 1950	A US Navy Privateer airplane flew from Wiesbaden, West Germany, to spy over the Soviet Union with 10 people on board. Soviet reconnaissance spotted the plane over Latvia and shot it down.
Apr 9, 1950	Bob Hope made his first television appearance.
Apr 14, 1950	NSC-68 presented to President Truman.
Apr 18, 1950	The first transatlantic jet passenger trip was made.
Apr 23, 1950	Chiang Kai-shek evacuated Hainan, leaving mainland China to Mao and the communists.
Apr 24, 1950	"Peter Pan" opened at Imperial Theater in NYC for 320 performances.
Apr 24, 1950	Jordan annexed the West Bank and offered citizenship to all Palestinians wishing to claim it.
Apr 25, 1950	Chuck Cooper 1st black to play in the NBA.
Apr 27, 1950	South Africa passed the Group Areas Act, formally segregating races.
May, 1950	The magazine Astounding Science Fiction published "Dianetics" by L. Ron Hubbard. His book Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health was published later this year, upon which the Church of Scientology was later based.
May 13, 1950	Steveland Morris Hardaway (Stevie Wonder) born prematurely in Saginaw, Mi., as Steveland Judkins. Too much oxygen in the incubator caused permanent blindness.
May 13, 1950	Diner's Club issued its 1st credit cards.
Jun, 1950	The FBI arrested David Greenglass, younger brother of Ethel Rosenberg. He confessed to spying the same day.
Jun 6, 1950	President Truman authorized resumption of air reconnaissance missions over the Baltic
Jun 8, 1950	Alex Van Halen, drummer for the hard rock group Van Halen, was born.
Jun 17, 1950	Surgeon Richard Lawler performed the first kidney transplant operation in Chicago.
Jun 25, 1950	North Korea invaded South Korea
Jun 25, 1950	North Korean forces invade South Korea.
Jun 25, 1950	The Korean War started as forces from the communist North invaded the South. It lasted till 1953
Jun 26, 1950	President Truman authorized the US Air Force and Navy to enter the Korean conflict.
Jun 27, 1950	President Truman authorized use of air & naval forces in Korea
Jun 27, 1950	President Truman ordered the Air Force and Navy into the Korean conflict following a call from the United Nations Security Council for member nations to help South Korea repel an invasion from the North.
Jun 27, 1950	US sent 35 military advisers to South Vietnam.
Jun 28, 1950	Harry Truman orders US troops to Korea.
Jun 28, 1950	South Korean government blew up the Han River Bridge, the southern escape route for many Seoul residents, just hours before the North Koreans arrived.
Jun 28, 1950	General Douglas MacArthur arrived in South Korea as Seoul fell to the North Korean forces.
Jun 29, 1950	President Harry S. Truman authorized a sea blockade of Korea.
Jun 30, 1950	President Harry Truman ordered U.S. troops into Korea and authorizes the draft. On that same day
Jun 30, 1950	B-29 Super Fortresses bomb targets in North Korea.
Jul, 1950	In Korea the US Army lost 2,834 soldiers with 2,486 wounded in July.
Jul, 1950	Some 1800 political prisoners were executed over 3 days at Taejon (Daejeon). The executions were ordered to prevent the release of the prisoners by advancing North Korean military. Later evidence indicated that South Korean executioners killed between 3,000 and 7,000 at Daejeon.
Jun-Jul, 1950	Government of Syngman Rhee arrested tens of thousands for fear that leftists would collaborate with the North Koreans sweeping down the peninsula. Rhee ordered the murders of thousands of political opponents and some of their mass graves were not found until the late 1990s.
Jul 1, 1950	United Nations troops arrive in South Korea.
Jul 1, 1950	American ground troops arrived in South Korea to stem the tide of the advancing North Korean army.
Jul 1, 1950	The European Payment Union (EPU) came into being, by agreement of the country members of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC).
Jul 3, 1950	US Pres. Truman signed public law 600. It provided federal statutory authorization for the people of Puerto Rico to write their own constitution.
Jul 3, 1950	American and North Korean forces clashed for the first time in the Korean War. U.S. carrier-based planes attacked airfields in the Pyongyang-Chinnampo area of North Korea in the first air-strike of the Korean War.
Jul 5, 1950	American forces engaged the North Koreans for the first time at Osan, South Korea.
Jul 5, 1950	Private Kenneth Shadrick of Skin Fork, West Virginia, became the first US serviceman to die in the Korean War.
Jul 8, 1950	President Harry Truman named US Gen. Douglas MacArthur as commander-in-chief of United Nations forces assisting the South Koreans.
Jul 20, 1950	In one of the first American actions in the Korean War, the U.S. Army’s Task Force Smith was pushed back into the Naktong perimeter by superior North Korean forces.
Jul 20, 1950	US planes strafed refugees south of Yusong.
Jul 23, 1950	American soldiers ordered villagers from Chu Gok Ri and warned them of approaching North Koreans. The villagers fled to Im Ke Ri.
Jul 24, 1950	The U.S. Fifth Air Force relocated from Japan to Korea.
Jul 24, 1950	Robert W. Lehnhoff, [Executioner of Groningen], SS Führer, was executed.
Jul 25, 1950	Top staff officers of the US 8th Army, Muccio's representative Harold J. Noble and South Korean officials met and decided on a policy of air-dropping leaflets telling South Korean civilians not to head south toward US defense lines, and of shooting them if they did approach US lines despite warning shots. This information was in a letter from ambassador John J. Muccio to US Sec. of State Dean Rusk. The letter was declassified in 1982 .
Jul 25, 1950	American soldiers In Korea ordered villagers away from Im Ke Ri and sent them on the road to Hwanggan.
Jul 26, 1950	United States military involvement in Vietnam began as President Harry Truman authorized $15 million in military aid to the French.
Jul 29, 1950	After 3 days of US fire into underpasses, the 2nd Battalion pulled away. Koreans said 300 were left dead at the bridge at No Gun Ri.
Jul 24-27, 1950	US orders in the 25th Infantry Division were issued to treat civilians in the Korea battle zone as enemy.
Jul 26-29, 1950	US troops killed up to 300 South Korean refugees trapped under a bridge at No Gun Ri. The villagers had gathered there to avoid strafing from US planes which killed some 100. US troops feared the refugees included infiltrators from North Korea. The killings were not made public until 1999. On Jan 11, 2001 the US Army admitted that civilians were massacred and Pres. Clinton offered his regrets. The US Army blamed the "fog of war" in apology and acknowledgement.
Aug 1, 1950	Lead elements of the U.S. 2nd Infantry Division arrived in Korea from the United States.
Aug 2, 1950	The U.S. First Provisional Marine Brigade arrived in Korea from the United States.
Aug 3, 1950	US Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) of 35 men arrives in Saigon. By the end of the year, the US was bearing half of the cost of France's war effort in Vietnam. Pres. Truman gave military aid to the Vietnamese regime of Bao-Dai.
Aug 3, 1950	In South Korea Maj. Gen'l. Hobart R. Gay ordered the demolition of the Waegwan Bridge over the Naktong River to prevent enemy crossings. The bridge was filled with refugees. 25 miles down river the 650-foot long Tuksong-dong bridge was also destroyed as refugees crossed.
Aug 8, 1950	U.S. troops repelled the first North Korean attempt to overrun them at the battle of Naktong Bulge, which continued for 10 days.
Aug 8, 1950	Florence Chadwick (1918-1995) swam the English Channel from France to Dover in 13 hours and 23 minutes. A year later she swam the reverse in 16:22.
Aug 10, 1950	President Harry S. Truman called the National Guard to active duty to fight in the Korean War.
Aug 10, 1950	In South Korea some 200-300 prisoners were killed by South Korean police near Dokchon.
Aug 14, 1950	Gary Larson, cartoonist (Far Side), was born in Tacoma, Washington.
Aug 15, 1950	Two U.S. divisions were badly mauled by the North Korean Army at the Battle of the Bowling Alley in South Korea, which raged on for five more days.
Aug 18-25, 1950	The Battles of the Bowling Alley took place during the Korean War in a narrow valley north of Tabu-dong, Korea on the Taegu-Sangju road.
Aug 19, 1950	Edith Sampson became the first African-American representative to the United Nations.
Aug 20, 1950	South Korean police and soldiers killed 210 people on the southern island of Cheju.
Aug 22, 1950	Althea Gibson became the first black tennis player to be accepted in competition for the national championship.
Aug 23, 1950	Up to 77,000 members of the U.S. Army Organized Reserve Corps were called involuntarily to active duty to fight the Korean War.
Aug 25, 1950	President Truman ordered the Army to seize control of the nation’s railroads to avert a strike. The railroads were returned to their owners 2 years later.
Aug 31, 1950	Three North Korean divisions opened an assault on UN lines on the Naktong River in a push to take Pusan.
Sep 1, 1950	West Berlin was granted a constitution.
Sep 1, 1950	In South Korea the USS DeHaven received an order from its Shore Fire Control Party to open fire on a large group of refugee personnel located on Pohang beach. Witnesses said 100 to 200 civilians were killed in the Navy shelling.
Sep 1, 1950	US Company C, 1st Battalion of the 23rd Infantry Regiment, nearly wiped out as North Korean divisions opened an assault on UN lines on the Naktong River. Only Company C and other elements of the 2nd Infantry Division stood in the path.
Sep 4, 1950	The Beetle Bailey cartoon appeared for the 1st time in syndication. Beatle Bailey, the laziest private in the army, was created by Mort Walker.
Sep 4, 1950	1st helicopter rescue of American pilot behind enemy lines.
Sep 5, 1950	Cathy Guisewite, cartoonist and creator of Cathy, was born.
Sep 9, 1950	Massive arrests of communists in France.
Sep 10, 1950	In South Korea 43 American war planes dropped 93 napalm canisters over Wolmi to clear out its eastern slope for UN troops. Village residents later said dozens of people were killed.
Sep 11, 1950	Jan C. Smuts, co-founder of British RAF and S. African PM (1919-48), died at 80.
Sep 15, 1950	US Army make an amphibious landing at Inchon.
Sep 15, 1950	During the Korean conflict, United Nations forces landed at Inchon in the south and began their drive toward Seoul. Considered the greatest amphibious attack in history, it was the zenith of General Douglas MacArthur's career.
Sep 15, 1950	US troop landed on Wolmi-Do island off of Seoul.
Sep 16, 1950	The U.S. 8th Army broke out of the Pusan Perimeter in South Korea and began heading north to meet MacArthur’s troops heading south from Inchon.
Sep 19, 1950	UN rejected membership of China's People Republic.
Sep 22, 1950	Meryl Streep, actress born.
Sep 22, 1950	Ralph J Bunche 1st black to be awarded a Nobel peace prize. [see Dec 10]
Sep 22, 1950	Omar N. Bradley was promoted to the rank of five-star general, joining Dwight D. Eisenhower, Douglas MacArthur, George C. Marshall and Henry H. "Hap" Arnold.
Sep 23, 1950	Congress adopted the Internal Security Act, which provided for registration of communists (later ruled unconstitutional by the US Supreme Court)
Sep 23, 1950	US Mustangs accidentally bombed British troops on Hill 282 in Korea. 17 were killed.
Sep 24, 1950	In "Operation Magic Carpet" all Jews from Yemen moved to Israel.
Sep 26, 1950	United Nations troops recapture Seoul.
Sep 26, 1950	The California state legislature passed a bill requiring state employees to sign a loyalty oath.
Sep 26, 1950	General Douglas MacArthur's American X Corps, fresh from the Inchon landing, linked up with the U.S. Eighth Army after its breakout from the Pusan Perimeter.
Sep 26, 1950	United Nations troops recaptured the South Korean capital of Seoul from the North Koreans.
Sep 26, 1950	Because of forest fire in British Columbia a blue moon appeared in England.
Sep 26, 1950	Indonesia was admitted to the UN.
Sep 27, 1950	U.S. Army and Marine troops liberated Seoul, South Korea.
Sep 29, 1950	General Douglas MacArthur orders troops into North Korea.
Sep 29, 1950	General Douglas MacArthur officially returned Seoul, South Korea, to President Syngman Rhee.
Sep 30, 1950	1st TV broadcast of Radio's "Grand Ole Opry"
Sep 30, 1950	U.N. forces pursued the retreating North Korean Army across the 38th parallel separating North and South Korea.
Oct, 1950	Hank Ketcham began his cartoon strip "Dennis the Menace."
Oct 2, 1950	Charles M. Schulz’s comic strip "Peanuts," syndicated to seven newspapers as "Li'l Folks."
Oct 2, 1950	Mao Tse Tung sent a telegram to Stalin. China intervened in Korea.
Oct 7, 1950	Mother Teresa (1910-1997), known in India as the "Saint of the Gutters", received permission from the Vatican to start a diocesan congregation that would become the Missionaries of Charity order of nuns in Calcutta.
Oct 7, 1950	United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution to establish a unified and democratic Korea.
Oct 7, 1950	United Nations General Assembly approved an advance by UN forces north of the 38th Parallel in the Korean Conflict.
Oct 9, 1950	UN forces, led by the First Cavalry Division, crossed the 38th parallel in South Korea and began attacking northward towards the North Korean capital of Pyongyang.
Oct 11, 1950	The Federal Communications Commission authorized the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) to begin commercial color TV broadcasts.
Oct 14, 1950	Chinese Communist Forces began to infiltrate the North Korean Army.
Oct 14, 1950	Rev. Sun Young Moon liberated from Hung Nam prison (Korea).
Oct 15, 1950	President Harry Truman met with General Douglas MacArthur at Wake Island to discuss U.N. progress in the Korean War.
Oct 18, 1950	US forces drove north across the 38th parallel into the Peoples Republic of North Korea.
Oct 18, 1950	The First Turkish Brigade arrived in Korea to assist the U.N. forces fighting there.
Oct 19, 1950	United Nations forces entered the North Korean capital of Pyongyang.
Oct 20, 1950	United Nations troops capture Pyongyang.
Oct 21, 1950	Chinese forces occupied Tibet.
Oct 21, 1950	North Korean Premier Kim Il-sung established a new capital at Sinuiju on the Yalu River opposite the Chinese City of Antung.
Oct 25, 1950	Chinese Communist Forces launched their first phase offensive across the Yalu River into North Korea.
Oct 26, 1950	Mother Theresa founded the Missionaries of Charity global order of nuns in Calcutta.
Oct 26, 1950	A reconnaissance platoon for a South Korean division reached the Yalu River, the only elements of the U.N. force to reach the river before the Chinese offensive pushed the whole army down into South Korea.
Oct 30, 1950	First Marine Division was ordered to replace the entire South Korean I Corps at the Chosin Reservoir area.
Oct 30, 1950	Gen'l. Douglas McArthur ordered a combined Marine and Army outfit to cross the 38th parallel and "mop up" remaining North Korean soldiers: 12,000 Marines found themselves surrounded by 8 Chinese divisions. The marines lost 4,000 men and the Chinese lost 37,500.
Oct 31, 1950	John Candy, comedian, was born in Ontario, Canada.
Nov, 1950	Inexperienced but well trained and eager to show their mettle, the first
Nov 1, 1950	Two members of a Puerto Rican nationalist movement, Oscar Collazo and Griselio Torresola, tried to force their way into Blair House in Washington to assassinate President Truman. The attempt failed, and one of the pair Griselio Torresola, was shot dead. On July 24, 1952, Truman commuted Collazo’s death sentence to life imprisonment, on the same day he signed an act enlarging the self-government of Puerto Rico.
Nov 4, 1950	The European Convention on Human Rights was signed in Rome.
Nov 6, 1950	A Chinese offensive was halted at Chongchon River, North Korea.
Nov 8, 1950	During the Korean conflict the first all-jet air combat took place over Korea as U.S. Air Force Lieut. It lasted about 30 seconds. Russell J. Brown shot down a North Korean MiG-15.
Nov 16, 1950	US Pres. Truman proclaimed an emergency crisis caused by communist threat.
Nov 18, 1950	South Korea Pres. Syngman Rhee was forced to end mass executions.
Nov 19, 1950	US General Eisenhower became supreme commander of NATO.
Nov 20, 1950	U.S. troops pushed to Yalu River within five miles of Manchuria.
Nov 22, 1950	In New York 78 died in a train crash in Richmond Hills (later Kew Gardens), NY.
Nov 24, 1950	The musical "Guys and Dolls," based on the writings of Damon Runyon and featuring songs by Frank Loesser, opened on Broadway.
Nov 24, 1950	UN troops began an assault with the intent to end the Korean War by Christmas.
Nov 26, 1950	Chinese troops enter North Korea and United Nations troops begin to retreat.
Nov 26, 1950	China entered the Korean conflict, launching a counter-offensive across the Yalu River against soldiers from the United Nations, the United States and South Korea, halting the UN offensive.
Nov 27, 1950	East of the Chosin River, Chinese forces annihilated an American task force. Col. Barber (d.2002 at 82) and 220 soldiers in Fox Company withstood a 5-day assault to protect an escape pass.
Nov 28, 1950	In Korea, 200,000 Communist troops launched attack on UN forces.
Nov 30, 1950	President Truman declared that the U.S. would use the A-bomb to get peace in Korea.
Dec 1, 1950	In North Korea a US company of soldiers encountered a swarming Chinese assault near Kunu-ri. Army Sgt. Richard Desautels was among those captured and taken to a POW compound, known as Camp 5, near Pyoktong. In 2003 Chinese authorities said Desautels became mentally ill and died on April 29, 1953, and was buried in a Chinese cemetery.
Dec 3, 1950	Chinese closed in on Pyongyang, Korea, driving UN forces southward.
Dec 4, 1950	University of Tennessee defied court rulings by rejecting five Negro applicants.
Dec 5, 1950	Pyongyang, Korea fell to the invading Chinese army.
Dec 9, 1950	President Truman banned U.S. exports to Communist China.
Dec 9, 1950	Harry Gold got 30 years imprisonment for passing atomic bomb secrets to the Soviet Union during World War II.
Dec 10, 1950	Dr. Ralph J. Bunche (b.1904) became the first African-American to receive the Nobel Peace Prize. [see Sep 22]
Dec 13, 1950	James Dean began his career with an appearance in a Pepsi commercial.
Dec 16, 1950	President Truman proclaimed a state of National Emergency (as Chinese communists invaded deeper into South Korea) in order to fight "Communist imperialism."
Dec 17, 1950	French named Marshal de Lattre de Tassigny to command their troops in Vietnam.
Dec 19, 1950	The North Atlantic Council named General Eisenhower supreme commander of Western European defense forces of NATO.
Dec 19, 1950	Tibet's Dalai Lama fled a Chinese invasion.
Dec 20, 1950	"Harvey," starring James Stewart, premiered in NY.
Dec 23, 1950	General Walton H. Walker, the commander of the Eighth Army in Korea, was killed in a jeep accident. Lieutenant General Matthew B. Ridgeway was named his successor.
Dec 27, 1950	U.S. and Spain resumed relations.
Dec 28, 1950	Chinese troops enter South Korea.
Dec 28, 1950	Chinese troops crossed the 38th Parallel into South Korea.
Dec 30, 1950	Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia became independent states in a French Union.
Jan 1, 1951	Chinese and North Korean troops capture Seoul.
Mar 14, 1951	United Nations troops recapture Seoul.
Mar 14, 1951	General Douglas MacArthur advocates the use of atom bombs in Korean War.
Mar 30, 1951	Julius Rosenberg and Ethel Rosenberg found guilty of passing atomic secrets to Soviets.
Apr 5, 1951	General Douglas MacArthur is relieved of his command in Korea.
Oct 9, 1951	David Ben-Gurion forms a coalition government in Israel.
Feb 26, 1952	Winston Churchill announces that Britain has an atom bomb.
Mar 10, 1952	Fulgencio Batista overthrows the Cuban government of President Prio Socarras.
Jun 5, 1952	Swedish C-47 shot down by Soviet fighter over Baltic, crew lost.
Jun 13, 1952	USAF B-29 shot down by Soviets over Sea of Japan, 12 KIA
Jun 16, 1952	Swedish PBY Catalina shot down by Soviets over Baltic Sea
Aug 14, 1952	Matyas Rakosi become prime minister of Hungary.
Dec 2, 1952	Rudolf Slansky is executed in Czechoslovakia for Titoism.
Jan 14, 1953	Josip Tito elected President of Yugoslavia.
Jan16, 1953	Mohammed Neguib dissolves all political parties in Egypt.
Feb 12, 1953	Soviet Union severs diplomatic relations with Israel after bombing of embassy in Tel Aviv.
5 Mar, 1953	Joseph Stalin dies.
May 12, 1953	RAF Lincoln (RB-26) shot down over East Germany, 7 killed
May 15, 1953	USAF WB-50 & Soviet MiGs exchanged fire off Kamchatka Peninsula
Jun 1, 1953	Uprising in Pilsen put down by troops in Czechoslovakia, 6 killed
Jun 15, 1953	Soviet troops crush workers rebellion in East Germany.
Jun 17, 1953	East German uprising began
Jun 19, 1953	USN PBM-5S2 aircraft fired on by Communist Chinese ships in Formosa Strait
Jun 19, 1953	Soviet tanks put down East German uprising, hundreds wounded, 125 Germans killed
Jun 19, 1953	Julius Rosenberg and Ethel Rosenberg executed.
Jun 28, 1953	US Navy P2V-5 aircraft fired on by Communist Chinese ships in Formosa Strait
Jul 4, 1953	Matyas Rakosi is replaced by Imre Nagy as prime minister of Hungary.
Jul 26, 1953	Fidel Castro leads an attempt to overthrow Fulgencio Batista in Cuba.
Jul 27, 1953	The United Nations, China and North Korea sign an armistice at Panmunjom.
Sep 12, 1953	Nikita Khrushchev is appointed first secretary of the Soviet Communist Party.
Sep 26, 1953	Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski is arrested in Poland.
Nov 8, 1953	The dictator Antonio Salazar wins uncontested election in Portugal.
Dec 23, 1953	Lavrenti Beria executed in the Soviet Union.
Feb 8, 1954	Gregory Malenkov is replaced by Nikolai Bulganin as prime minister of the Soviet Union.
Mar 1, 1954	The United States tests a hydrogen bomb in the Marshall Islands.
May 6, 1954	C-119 shot down by Viet Minh; 2 American CIA contract pilots KIA
May 7, 1954	Vietminh defeat French forces at Dien Bien Phu.
May 8, 1954	RB-47E on photo- reconnaissance mission over USSR attacked by MiG-17 fighters
May 26, 1954	Explosion & fire aboard USS Bennington (CV-20) in Atlantic, 103 killed, 201 wounded.
Jun 22, 1954	Cathay Pacific DC-4 shot down over sea by Communist Chinese fighter planes, 10 killed
Jun 26, 1954	Two USN A-4D Skyraiders over South China Sea attacked by Communist Chinese La-7 planes shot down 2 La-7s
Jul 20, 1954	France agrees to leave North Vietnam.
Sep 8, 1954	South-East Asian Defence Treaty signed in Manila.
Sep 27, 1954	Mao Zedong becomes chairman and Zhou Enlai becomes prime minister of China.
Oct 3, 1954	It is agreed that West Germany should join NATO.
19 Oct, 1954	Gamal Abdel Nasser warns Britain that its troops must leave Egypt on 6th December.
Oct 30, 1954	Front for National Liberation mounts an insurrection in Algeria.
Nov 2, 1954	The dictator Fulgencio Batista wins uncontested election in Cuba.
Nov 14, 1954	Mohammed Neguib is deposed and Gamal Abdel Nasser becomes head of state.
Dec 2, 1954	The Senate votes by 67 to 22 to censure Joseph McCarthy.
Dec 12, 1954	France sends 20,000 troops to Algeria.
Apr 18, 1955	Imre Nagy forced to resign as prime minister.
Apr 28, 1955	Civil War breaks out in South Vietnam between supporters of Ngo Dinh Diem and Bo Dai.
May 1, 1955	Chinese Communists ceased shelling Quemoy & Matsu Islands.
May 10, 1955	USAF F-86s attacked over Yellow Sea shot down 2 Chinese MiGs
Jun 22, 1955	US Navy P2V Neptune downed by Soviet fighters over Bering Sea. Crew rescued
Jun 29, 1955	B-52 began active service
Jul 7, 1955	China agrees to provide North Vietnam with economic aid.
Jul 30, 1955	Conscription is introduced in China.
Aug 20, 1955	Front for National Liberation attack French troops at Philippeville, Algeria.
Sep 13, 1955	Diplomatic relations restored between West Germany and the Soviet Union.
Oct 23, 1955	Ngo Dinh Diem replaces Bo Dai as leader of South Vietnam.
Feb 25, 1956	Nikita Khrushchev denounces former leader Joseph Stalin.
Apr 17, 1956	The Soviet Union abolishes the Cominform.
Apr 29, 1956	Dag Hammarskjold obtains cease-fire between Israel and Jordan.
Jun 1, 1956	Vyacheslav Molotov is dismissed as Soviet foreign minister.
Jun 2, 1956	President Josip Tito visits the Soviet Union.
Jun 8, 1956	USAF TSGT R.B. Fitzgibbon Jr. murdered in Vietnam.
Jun 28, 1956	74 people are killed during political protests in Poland.
Jun 28, 1956	Polish demonstrators in Poznan fired upon by troops, 53 killed, hundreds wounded
Jul 26, 1956	Gamal Abdel Nasser announces the nationalization of the Suez Canal.
Sep 23, 1956	Britain and France refer the Suez Canal dispute to the United Nations.
Oct 16, 1956	Guy Mollet meets Anthony Eden to discuss the Suez Canal dispute.
Oct 21, 1956	Wladyslaw Gomulka returns to power in Poland.
Oct 21, 1956	Guy Mollet, Anthony Eden and David Ben-Gurion meet in secret to discuss the Suez Canal.
Oct 23, 1956	Demonstrators in Hungary call for democratic government.
Oct 24, 1956	Imre Nagy is appointed prime minister of Hungary.
Oct 28, 1956	Cardinal Stefan Wyszynski is released from prison in Poland.
Oct 29, 1956	Israeli troops invade Egypt's Sinai Peninsula.
Oct 29, 1956	Janos Kadar becomes leader of Hungarian Workers' Party.
Oct 30, 1956	Imre Nagy promises free elections in Hungary.
Oct 31, 1956	British and French planes bomb Egyptian airfields.
Oct 31, 1956	President Dwight Eisenhower suspends aid to Israel in protest at its invasion of Egypt.
Nov 2, 1956	Imre Nagy renounces the Warsaw Treaty and asks Soviet troops to leave Hungary.
Nov 5, 1956	British and French paratroopers land at Port Said in Egypt.
Nov 6, 1956	The Soviet Union threatens to intervene in the war over the Suez Canal.
Nov 7, 1956	Under pressure from the United Nations Britain and France accept a cease-fire in Egypt.
Nov 8, 1956	The United Nations demand the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Hungary.
Nov 15, 1956	UN forces arrives in Egypt to deal with the Suez Crisis.
Dec 2, 1956	Fidel Castro and a small group of armed soldiers land in Cuba.
Dec 22, 1956	The last of the British and French forces leave Egypt.
Jan 7, 1957	Zhou Enlai, prime minister of China, visits the Soviet Union.
Jan 9, 1957	Anthony Eden resigns as prime minister of Britain as a result of the Suez Crisis.
Jan 22, 1957	Israeli forces withdraw from the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.
Feb 15, 1957	Andrei Gromyko becomes foreign minister of the Soviet Union.
20 April, 1957	President Dwight Eisenhower resumes aid to Israel.
10 May, 1957	The Soviet Union appeals to the United States and Britain to cease nuclear testing.
15 May, 1957	Britain carries out its first hydrogen bomb test over Christmas Island.
May 28, 1957	1st of 24 detonations Operation Plumbbob nuclear test
Jun 12, 1957	Four AD-6 fighters overflew China 1 plane damaged by antiaircraft fire
Jul 15, 1957	General Francisco Franco announces that the monarchy will be restored on his death.
Oct 4, 1957	Milovan Djilas is imprisoned in Yugoslavia for spreading hostile propaganda.
Mar 27, 1958	Nikita Khrushchev replaces Nikolai Bulganin as prime minister of the Soviet Union.
May 30, 1958	Submarine USS Stickleback (SS-415) sunk after collision. Crew of 82 rescued.
Jun 16, 1958	Imre Nagy Hungarian Prime Minister executed after secret trial
Jun 17, 1958	Imre Nagy, former prime minister of Hungary, is executed after a secret trial.
Jun 27, 1958	USAF C-118 shot down by Soviet fighters over USSR crew of 9 captured
Aug 31, 1958	Nikita Khrushchev meets Mao Zedong in China and call for an end of all nuclear testing.
Nov 27, 1958	The Soviet Union demands that all foreign troops should be withdrawn from Berlin.
Jan 9, 1959	Fidel Castro and his victorious troops enter Havana.
Jun 15, 1959	USN P4M-1Q attacked by North Korean MiGs over Sea of Japan, 1 crewman WIA
Jun 16, 1959	North Korean MiG attacked USN P4M over Sea of Japan, 1 WIA
Sep 22, 1959	Member states vote again against the admission of China to the United Nations.
Dec 13, 1959	The United Nations decide not to intervene in the independence struggle in Algeria.
Jan 24, 1960	French settlers in Algeria riot in Algiers.
Mar 15, 1960	Demonstrations follow the election of Syngman Rhee as president.
May 1, 1960	US CIA U-2 aircraft shot down over USSR pilot (Francis Gary Powers) captured. U-2 aircraft had been in service since 1956, this was the first time the Soviets had been able to shoot one down.
May, 1, 1960	American U-2 spy plane shot over the Soviet Union.
May 7, 1960	Leonid Brezhnev becomes president of the Soviet Union.
May 19, 1960	Nikita Khrushchev walks out of summit meeting in Paris because of the U-2 incident.
May 25, 1960	USAF C-47 shot down over East Germany 9 crewmen held
May 27, 1960	United States ends all aid to Cuba.
Jun 14, 1960	Fire & explosion aboard USS Sargo (SSN-583), 1 killed, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
Jul 1, 1960	Soviet forces shoot down a US RB-47 survey aircraft.
Aug 25, 1960	The Soviet Communist Party condemn the teachings of Mao Zedong in China.
Aug 30, 1960	East Germany imposes blockade of West Berlin.
Sep 2, 1960	Soviet Union provides help to Patrice Lumumba, prime minister of the Congo Republic.
Sep 28, 1960	NATO introduces a unified air defence command.
Dec 12, 1960	National Liberation Army (Vietcong) is established in Vietnam.
Jan 17, 1961	Patrice Lumumba is murdered in Katanga, Congo.
Apr 17, 1961	Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba.
Jun 4, 1961	Nikita Khrushchev and John F. Kennedy hold summit meeting in Vienna.
Sep 18, 1961	Dag Hammarskjold is killed in an airplane crash in the Congo Republic.
Oct 11, 1961	United States promises to support South Vietnam against communist aggression.
Dec 11, 1961	The first American troops arrive in South Vietnam.
Dec 15, 1961	The United Nations rejects a proposal by the Soviet Union to admit China.
Feb 7, 1962	John F. Kennedy orders an end to all trade with Cuba.
Sep 2, 1962	Soviet Union agrees to send arms to Cuba.
Sep 26, 1962	Ben Bella is elected prime minister of Algeria.
Oct 22, 1962	John F. Kennedy announces that the Soviet Union has installed a missile base on Cuba.
Nov 8, 1962	John F. Kennedy announces that the Cuban Missile Crisis is over.
Apr 28, 1963	Fidel Castro visits the Soviet Union.
May 8, 1963	US Navy evacuates 2279 civilians from Haiti during crisis.
Jun 20, 1963	Nikita Khrushchev and John Kennedy agree to establish a hot line to use in a Cold War crisis.
Jun 26, 1963	John F. Kennedy visits West Berlin.
Aug 5, 1963	Soviet Union, United States and Britain sign a nuclear test-ban treaty.
Nov 1, 1963	President Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam is assassinated.
Nov 22, 1963	John F. Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas, Texas.
Feb 8, 1964	United States aircraft bomb North Vietnam for the first time.
May 5, 1964	The Palestine Liberation Organization is founded in Jordan.
May 10, 1964	USAF RB-66 shot down over East Germany, 3 KIA
Oct 15, 1964	Alexsei Kosygin becomes prime minister of the Soviet Union.
Oct 16, 1964	China explodes its first atomic bomb.
Nov 5, 1964	Zhou Enlai visits the Soviet Union.
Apr 29, 1965	Australia decides to send troops to South Vietnam.
Jun 19, 1965	Ben Bella is deposed by Houari Boumedienne in Algeria.
Sep 29, 1965	The Soviet Union admits to supplying arms to North Vietnam.
Dec 29, 1965	Ho Chi Minh rejects peace talks on the Vietnam War offered by Lyndon B. Johnson.
Feb 21, 1966	Charles De Gaulle calls for United States forces to leave Vietnam.
Mar 10, 1966	France withdraws its troops from NATO.
29 Jun, 1966	Harold Wilson criticizes the United States for bombing populated areas in North Vietnam.
Sep 23, 1966	United States government admit to using chemical weapons in North Vietnam.
Dec 13, 1966	United States air raid on Hanoi kills over 100 North Vietnamese civilians.
Dec 31, 1966	Milovan Djilas is released from prison in Yugoslavia.
Feb 6, 1967	Alexsei Kosygin visits London to discuss the Vietnam War with Harold Wilson.
May 22, 1967	17 US soldiers WIA by North Korean attack
May 22, 1967	Two US soldiers KIA by hostile fire, Korean DMZ.
Jun 5, 1967	Start of the Six Day War between Israel and the Arab states.
Jun 8, 1967	USS Liberty (GTR-5) attacked by Israeli aircraft & boats near Gaza strip Captain awarded Medal of Honor, 34 KIA, 171 WIA.
Jun 10, 1967	Soviet Union breaks off diplomatic relations with Israel.
Jun 10, 1967	End of the Six Day War.
Aug 22, 1967	Red Guards set fire to the British embassy in Beijing.
Oct 21, 1967	Demonstrations against the Vietnam War takes place all over the world.
Nov 7, 1967	The Soviet Union celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Russian Revolution.
Jan 5, 1968	Alexander Dubcek became first secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party.
Jan 30, 1968	Vietcong launch the Tet Offensive against South Vietnamese cities.
Mar 16, 1968	US soldiers massacre 450 men, women and children at My Lai.
May 17, 1968	Alexsei Kosygin visits Czechoslovakia to meet Alexander Dubcek.
May 21, 1968	Nuclear submarine USS Scorpion lost during operations in Atlantic, crew of 99 KIA
Jun 6, 1968	Robert Kennedy is assassinated in Los Angeles, California.
Jul 3, 1968	Lyndon B. Johnson removes William Westmoreland as commander of US forces in Vietnam.
Jul 14, 1968	Alexander Dubcek refuses to halt reform programme in Czechoslovakia.
Aug 20, 1968	Warsaw Pact forces invade Czechoslovakia and arrest Alexander Dubcek.
Aug 23, 1968	Ludvik Svoboda flies to Moscow to meet Soviet leaders.
Aug 24, 1968	Josip Tito condemns Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.
Aug 25, 1968	France becomes the world's fifth nuclear power when it tested a hydrogen bomb.
Oct 31, 1968	Lyndon B. Johnson orders a complete halt to the bombing of North Vietnam.
Jan 10, 1969	Sweden become the first non-communist country to recognize North Vietnam.
Apr 17, 1969	Gustav Husak succeeds Alexander Dubcek as leader of the Czechoslovak Communist Party.
May 14, 1969	Richard Nixon suggests mutual withdrawal of all foreign troops from South Vietnam.
May 16, 1969	U-2 aircraft lost control off China coast near Korea. Republic of China pilot, Billy Chang was killed.
Jun, 8 1969	Richard Nixon announces he plans to withdraw 25,000 US troops from South Vietnam.
Sep 3, 1969	President Ho Chi Minh of Vietnam dies.
Nov 3, 1969	Richard Nixon promises to remove all US troops from South Vietnam.
Nov 14, 1969	250,000 people demonstrate against Vietnam War in Washington.
Apr 20, 1970	Richard Nixon announces withdrawal of a further 150,000 US troops from South Vietnam.
Jun 10, 1970	Army Major Robert Perry assassinated, Aman, Jordan
Jun 20, 1970	USS Tautog hit by Soviet submarine K-108. K-108 believed severely damaged.
Jun 26, 1970	Alexander Dubcek expelled from the Czechoslovak Communist Party.
Sep 28, 1970	Gamal Abdel Nasser dies and is replaced by Anwar Sadat as president of Egypt.
Mar 31, 1971	Lieutenant William Calley is sentenced to life imprisonment for the My Lai Massacre.
Apr 7, 1971	Richard Nixon announces he plans to withdraw 100,000 US troops from South Vietnam.
May 3, 1971	Erich Honecker replace Walter Ulbricht as head of the Socialist Unity Party in East Germany.
May 27, 1971	Egypt signs a 15-year peace treaty with the Soviet Union.
Jun, 1971	C-135B crash, Pacific Ocean, 700 miles. SSW of Honolulu, COL Billy Skipworth killed.
Oct 25, 1971	United Nations General Assembly votes to admit communist China.
Nov,10 1971	Fidel Castro meets Salvador Allende in Chile.
Feb 21, 1972	Richard Nixon arrives in China.
May 8, 1972	Richard Nixon orders the blockade and mining of North Vietnamese ports.
May 11, 1972	Terrorists attacked US Army officer's club COL Paul Bloomquist killed, Frankfurt, Germany, 13 wounded.
May 22, 1972	Richard Nixon becomes the first US president to visit the Soviet Union.
May 24, 1972	Bomb attack at Campbell Barracks Germany. 3 US soldiers killed, 5 wounded.
Jul 18, 1972	Anwar Sadat expels 20,000 Soviet advisers from Egypt.
Oct 3, 1972	United States and the Soviet Union sign agreement at the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks.
Jan 15, 1973	Richard Nixon orders an end to all military action against North Vietnam.
Mar 29, 1973	The last of the US troops leave Vietnam.
Jun 24, 1973	Leonid Brezhnev visits West Germany.
Sep 11, 1973	Augusto Pinochet seizes power in Chile and Salvador Allende is killed.
Oct 6, 1973	Egypt and Syria attack Israel during Yom Kippur.
Oct 11, 1973	Israel invades Syria.
Oct 16, 1973	Israel invades Egypt.
Nov 11, 1973	Israel and Egypt accept the United States plan for cease-fire.
Jan 18, 1974	Egypt and Israel agree to disengagement of forces along the Suez Canal.
Feb 13, 1974	The Soviet Union expels the dissident author Alexander Solzhenitsyn.
May 6, 1974	Willy Brandt resigns after a close aid admits to spying for East Germany.
May 9, 1974	North Koreans fired at 2 US Army helicopters
May 18, 1974	India becomes the world's sixth nuclear power.
Aug 9, 1974	Richard Nixon resigns in order to avoid impeachment and is replaced by Gerald Ford.
Sep 4, 1974	The United States and East Germany establish diplomatic relations.
Oct 28, 1974	Helmut Schmidt of West Germany holds talks with Leonid Brezhnev in Moscow.
Oct 28, 1974	20 Arab nations recognize the Palestine Liberation Organization.
Nov 23, 1974	Leonid Brezhnev meets Gerald Ford to discuss arms control.
Mar 30, 1975	North Vietnamese forces capture Da Nang, South Vietnam's second largest city.
April 30, 1975	Saigon (now Ho Chi Minh City) is captured by North Vietnamese forces.
May 7, 1975	Two American military officers assassinated in Tehran, Iran.
May 12, 1975	SS Mayaguez seized by Khmer Rouge
May 14, 1975	Marines recaptured Mayaguez released the crew. 16 KIA, 44 WIA.
May 21, 1975	COL Paul Shaffer & LTC Jack Turner (USAF) shot & killed, Tehran, Iran.
Jun 30, 1975	North Korean guards attacked acting commander of UNC Joint Security Force at Panmunjom, 1 KIA
Sep 23, 1975	Egypt and Israel agree to an agreement on Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai peninsula.
Nov 2, 1976	Jimmy Carter defeats Gerald Ford in presidential elections.
May 30, 1977	The United States and Cuba agree that they will exchange diplomats.
Jun 14, 1977	3 US Army aviators killed in shootdown, Korean DMZ.
Jun 30, 1977	The Southeast Asia Treaty Organization is dissolved.
Nov 9, 1977	President Anwar Sadat makes peace overtures to Israel.
Dec 24, 1977	Menachem Begin has a meeting with Anwar Sadat in Egypt.
Feb 3, 1978	China and the European Economic Community conclude its first trade agreement.
Jun 25, 1978	Red Army Faction attempted assassination of NATO CINC General Alexander Haig near Brussels
Sep 5, 1978	Menachem Begin, Anwar Sadat and Jimmy Carter meet at Camp David.
Dec 25, 1978	Vietnam begins a full-scale invasion of Cambodia.
Mar 12, 1979	Maurice Bishop and his New Jewel Movement seizes power from Eric Gairy in Grenada.
Jul 19, 1979	Left-wing Sandinista rebels gain control of Nicaragua.
Oct 23, 1979	Vaclav Havel is convicted of subversion in Czechoslovakia.
Dec 25, 1979	Soviet troops invade Afghanistan.
Jan 22, 1980	The dissent physicist Andrey Sakharov is sent into exile.
May 13, 1980	Firefight at OP Ouelette, Korea.
Jun 26, 1980	Valery Giscard d'Estaing discloses France's capability to produce the neutron bomb.
Aug 31, 1980	Lech Walesa signs an agreement with the Polish government for free trade unions.
Nov 4, 1980	Ronald Reagan defeats Jimmy Carter in a presidential election.
Dec 2, 1980	European Economic Community warns the Soviet Union about invading Poland.
Feb 11, 1981	General Wojciech Jaruzelski becomes prime minister of Poland.
Mar 27, 1981	The Soviet Union accuses Solidarnosc of being counter-revolutionary.
Apr 24, 1981	Ronald Reagan lifts the embargo of grain sales to the Soviet Union imposed by Jimmy Carter.
May 26, 1981	EA-6B Prowler crashed while landing aboard USS Nimitz (CVA-68) in Atlantic, 14 killed, 48 injured
Oct 8, 1981	Anwar Sadat is assassinated by Muslim extremists.
Nov 18, 1981	Ronald Reagan announces the plan to spend $180 billion on arms spending over next 6 years.
Mar 15, 1982	The Sandinista leader Daniel Ortega suspends the Nicaraguan constitution.
Apr 11, 1982	European Community imposes economic sanctions on Argentina.
Apr 19, 1982	Ronald Reagan announces that United States citizens are banned from visiting Cuba.
May 2, 1982	Israel's ambassador to Britain, Shlomo Argov is shot in London.
May 5, 1982	Israeli forces invade Lebanon.
May 16, 1982	USN crewmen attacked by terrorists in San Juan. 1 KIA, 3 WIA
Jun 7, 1982	US Embassy Marine security guard WIA, Beirut, Lebanon.
Sep 19, 1982	Olof Palme and the Social Democratic Labour Party win general election in Sweden.
Nov 12, 1982	Lech Walesa is released from detention.
May 4, 1983	Ronald Reagan declares his support for the Nicaraguan Contras.
May 25, 1983	USN CDR Albert Shaufelberger assassinated, San Salvador, El Salvador.
Jul 21, 1983	The Polish government announces an end to martial law.
Sep 1, 1983	A South Korean Boeing 747 airliner is shot down by a Soviet fighter.
Sep 16, 1983	CIA denies that the South Korean Boeing 747 airliner was spying on the Soviet Union.
Oct 19, 1983	Maurice Bishop and his government in Grenada is overthrown by a coup led by Bernard Coard.
Oct 25, 1983	US Marines invade Grenada.
Nov 23, 1983	Yuri Andropov announces an increase in the number of missiles aimed at the United States.
Feb 13, 1984	Konstantin Chernenko replaces Yuri Andropov as leader of the Soviet Communist Party.
Apr 26, 1984	Ronald Reagan visits China.
May 2, 1984	Andrey Sakharov begins a hunger strike.
Nov 4, 1984	Daniel Ortega elected president of Nicaragua.
Dec 15, 1984	Mikhail Gorbachev meets Margaret Thatcher in London.
Feb 4, 1985	Ronald Reagan announces the tripling of expenditure on the Star Wars research program.
Mar 11, 1985	Mikhail Gorbachev is named first secretary of the Soviet Communist Party.
Apr 7, 1985	Mikhail Gorbachev announces a moratorium on Soviet missile deployments in Europe.
Apr 11, 1985	Enver Hoxha dies in Albania.
May 1, 1985	Ronald Reagan imposes trade sanctions on Nicaragua.
Jun 14, 1985	USN Diver SW2 (DV) Robert Stethem killed by terrorists TWA Flight 847, Beirut, Lebanon.
Jun 19, 1985	4 US Marines killed in restaurant attack, San Salvador, El Salvador.
Jul 2, 1985	Andrei Gromyko is named president of the Soviet Union.
Nov 19, 1985	Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan agree to open negotiations on arms reductions.
Jan 25, 1986	Mikhail Gorbachev proposes a 15 year timetable for the elimination of all nuclear weapons.
Aug 18, 1986	Soviet and Israeli leaders hold talks to discuss the treatment of Jews in the Soviet Union.
Sep 16, 1986	The European Economic Community agrees to end investment in South Africa.
Oct 2, 1986	The US Senate ignores Ronald Reagan, imposes economic sanctions on South Africa.
Nov 13, 1986	Ronald Reagan admits to a secret arms deal with Iran.
Nov 25, 1986	It is admitted that money from arms sales to Iran was illegally passed to Contras.
Dec 23, 1986	Mikhail Gorbachev orders the release of Andrey Sakharov.
Jan 27, 1987	Mikhail Gorbachev proposes reforms including secret ballot and the election of party officials.
Feb 20, 1987	US Congress votes to cut off aid to Contra rebels in Nicaragua.
Feb 28, 1987	Mikhail Gorbachev proposes abolishing intermediate-range nuclear weapons in Europe.
Mar 19, 1987	Gustav Husak in Czechoslovakia announces political and economic reforms.
May 17, 1987	US Army OH-23 helicopter shot down over Korean DMZ. Crew held POW one year.
Jul 7, 1987	At Iran-Contra hearings Oliver North claims his actions were sanctioned by his superiors.
Jul 22, 1987	Mikhail Gorbachev offers to dismantle all short and medium range nuclear missiles.
Sep 7, 1987	Erich Honecker begins the first official visit to West Germany by a leader of East Germany.
Nov 2, 1987	Mikhail Gorbachev makes a speech criticizing the political errors of Joseph Stalin.
Dec 7, 1987	Mikhail Gorbachev and Ronald Reagan agree to eliminate intermediate-range nuclear forces.
Jan 29, 1988	Cuba agrees to remove military personnel from Angola.
Feb 8, 1988	Mikhail Gorbachev announces the withdrawal of Soviet troops from Afghanistan.
May 2, 1988	Seven leaders of Solidarnosc are arrested during shipyard strike in Poland.
May 17, 1988	Pakistani Air Force F-16 shot down 2 Soviet Su-22s
May 18, 1988	Loss of USMC AH-1T helicopter during operations against Iran, 2 Marines KIA
Jun 28, 1988	USN CAPT William Nordeen killed by car bomb in Kifissia, Greece.
Sep 30, 1988	Several conservatives, including Andrei Gromyko, are purged from the Soviet Politburo.
Jan 5, 1989	The serious Iran-Contra conspiracy charges are dropped against Oliver North.
Feb 21, 1989	Vaclav Havel is imprisoned for inciting public disorder in Czechoslovakia.
Mar 15, 1989	A large rally in Hungary calls for the introduction of democracy.
Mar 24, 1989	US Congress approves $41 million in aid for Nicaragua's Contra rebels.
Apr 5, 1989	Lech Walesa and the Polish government sign an agreement for political and economic reform.
Apr 17, 1989	Solidarnosc is legalized in Poland.
Jun 3, 1989	People's Liberation Army tanks kill 2,000 protesters in Tiananmen Square in China.
Jul 5, 1989	Oliver North is given a suspended sentence for his role in the Iran-Contra conspiracy.
Aug 19, 1989	The Polish United Workers' Party and Solidarnosc agree to form a coalition government.
Sep 11, 1989	New Forum, a anti-communist group, is formed in East Germany.
Sep 12, 1989	The first noncommunist government in Eastern Europe since the war is formed in Poland.
Oct 11, 1989	Poland offers sanctuary to anti-communists in East Germany.
Oct 18, 1989	Erich Honecker resigns as leader of the Communist Party in East Germany.
Oct 23, 1989	A new multiparty democracy is announced in Hungary.
Nov 9, 1989	The new government in East Germany announces the opening of its border with West Germany.
Nov 10, 1989	The government in East Germany orders the Berlin Wall to be pulled down.
Nov 27, 1989	A general strike in Czechoslovakia calls for an end to communist rule.
Nov 28, 1989	The Czechoslovak prime minister announces the end of the communist monopoly of power.
Dec 2, 1989	The governments of the United States and the Soviet Union announce the end of the Cold War.

POSTED BY: Evan Brees AT 07:05 pm | Permalink | 0 Comments | E-mail this

Older Posts

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1946 Packard

Tin Tin, 1st issue, 1946

Marshall Plan

Kaiser-Frazer, 1947

Standard 2
How the Cold War and conflicts in Korea and Vietnam influenced domestic and international politics

Standard 4
The struggle for racial and gender equality and for the extension of civil liberties

Standard 3
Domestic policies after World War II

Standard 1
The economic boom and social transformation of postwar America

Korea

Korean Conflict
The episode in world history we call "The Korean War" was not called a war by the United States government. It is called a "conflict" because the United States never officially declared war on North Korea, and because it was indeed a war it seems as though hairs are being split over terminology. This WebQuest will help the student to understand how the United States became involved in this conflict, how the war actually began, and when and where the United States decided to end participation. It will also address why the United States did not declare war on North Korea. This WebQuest was designed to meet basic standards of education.

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Cold War Projects

1950s WebQuest: An Internet WebQuest on 1950s
Picture this: you and a team of learners are presented with the task of creating a newspaper focusing on key events of the 1950s. Each group member will take on the role of newspaper reporter and gather information using the Internet.

1960s Research Project

Cold War Museum
Submit a design proposal for the Smithsonian's Cold War Museum

Cold War Webquest
You are a presidential advisor during the first three decades of the Cold War (1945-1973). Your task is to investigate a particular crisis or turning point in the corresponding presidential administration, choose, and argue for the best policy for the United States. As each issue is debated in our classroom, you’ll write up your own personal judgment of the best policy.

Crisis During the Cold War
When Soviet Premiere Joseph Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and American President Franklin Roosevelt met at the Russian resort town of Yalta in early February 1945, the three leaders not only decided how they would end the Second World War; they also laid the foundations for a new “Cold War” in which two new Super Powers –the United States and the Soviet Union—would divide the world into competing sides and competing ideologies. From 1945-1991, the two nations indirectly engaged in diplomatic and military conflicts that nearly drove the world to the brink of a third World War.

Mr. O'C's 1950s WebQuest

The Berlin Wall
It is the fall of 1961. You work for an international magazine based in the neutral country of Switzerland. The Berlin Wall has recently been constructed. Both the East and the West are using the Wall as a propaganda tool. What is the truth about the Berlin Wall? Are there differing views on the purposes of the Berlin Wall?

The Cuban Missile Crisis Webquest
This webquest allows students to consult a variety of primary sources on the Cuban Missile Crisis, compare and contrast opposing viewpoints and make a recommendation to President Kennedy.

On the Brink of Cold War
A WebQuest on the debate on the causes of Cold War. Includes an online blog assignment. Designed for JC1 students (Grade 12) studying international history.

Who Started the Fire?
The above stanza is from the song "We Didn't Start the Fire" by Billy Joel. What in the world is he talking about? That will be your task to discover in this webquest. In this hit song from 1989, Joel names key historical events from 1949-1989. By examining the events in the song, you and your classmates will be be searching for the answer to the question at the top of this page: "Who started the fire?" You will also be answering what he means by "fire."

top

Cold War Projects

1950s WebQuest: An Internet WebQuest on 1950s
Picture this: you and a team of learners are presented with the task of creating a newspaper focusing on key events of the 1950s. Each group member will take on the role of newspaper reporter and gather information using the Internet.

Mr. O'C's 1950s WebQuest

1960s Research Project

Crisis During the Cold War
When Soviet Premiere Joseph Stalin, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and American President Franklin Roosevelt met at the Russian resort town of Yalta in early February 1945, the three leaders not only decided how they would end the Second World War; they also laid the foundations for a new “Cold War” in which two new Super Powers –the United States and the Soviet Union—would divide the world into competing sides and competing ideologies. From 1945-1991, the two nations indirectly engaged in diplomatic and military conflicts that nearly drove the world to the brink of a third World War.

Cold War Webquest
You are a presidential advisor during the first three decades of the Cold War (1945-1973). Your task is to investigate a particular crisis or turning point in the corresponding presidential administration, choose, and argue for the best policy for the United States. As each issue is debated in our classroom, you’ll write up your own personal judgment of the best policy.

The Cuban Missile Crisis Webquest
This webquest allows students to consult a variety of primary sources on the Cuban Missile Crisis, compare and contrast opposing viewpoints and make a recommendation to President Kennedy.

On the Brink of Cold War
A WebQuest on the debate on the causes of Cold War. Includes an online blog assignment. Designed for JC1 students (Grade 12) studying international history.

Cold War Museum
Submit a design proposal for the Smithsonian's Cold War Museum

The Berlin Wall
It is the fall of 1961. You work for an international magazine based in the neutral country of Switzerland. The Berlin Wall has recently been constructed. Both the East and the West are using the Wall as a propaganda tool. What is the truth about the Berlin Wall? Are there differing views on the purposes of the Berlin Wall?

Who Started the Fire?
The above stanza is from the song "We Didn't Start the Fire" by Billy Joel. What in the world is he talking about? That will be your task to discover in this webquest. In this hit song from 1989, Joel names key historical events from 1949-1989. By examining the events in the song, you and your classmates will be be searching for the answer to the question at the top of this page: "Who started the fire?" You will also be answering what he means by "fire."

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Truman Doctrine

Truman's speech

Moon Landings: Apollo Program | NASA
The Apollo program included a large number of uncrewed test missions and 11 crewed missions. The 11 crewed missions include two Earth orbiting missions, two lunar orbiting missions, a lunar swingby and six Moon landing missions.

Cold War Songlist

Student Work

Red Scare vs. McCarthyism

Best Responses to Challenge Question 4/22/09
Why Should We Watch a Movie Now (Good Night and Good Luck), Even Though We Just Watched One (Atomic Cafe)

Truman Doctrine/Containment

Truman Doctrine Webquest

Huns, Nuns, & Guns: A WebQuest

Google searches:

truman doctrine political cartoon truman doctrine communism truman doctrine containment truman doctrine 1947

truman doctrine timeline harry truman doctrine explain truman doctrine

The Cold War - An Outline

Executive Orders Calling for Loyalty

Executive Order 9835
Harry S. Truman, March 21, 1947. Prescribing Procedures for the Administration of an Employees Loyalty Program in the Executive Branch of the Government

Truman orders loyalty checks of federal employees

Executive Order 9835 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Executive Order 10450--Security requirements for Government employment

Regents Prep: U.S. History: Presidential Decisions: Chief Executive

Red Scare Source: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAhuac.htm

The Second

Second Red Scare - Ohio History Central
As World War II was ending, a fear-driven movement known as the Second Red Scare began to spread across the United States. Americans feared that the Soviet Union hoped to spread communism all over the world, overthrowing both democratic and capitalist institutions as it went.

The "Second" Red Scare: Fear and Loathing in High Places, 1947-1954

The Second Red Scare | Digital History

Red Scare | Answers.com
Throughout much of the twentieth century, the United States worried about Communist activities within its borders. This concern led to sweeping federal action against aliens and citizens alike during periods known today as Red scares.

McCarthyism, 1950s The Red Scare
The period of McCarthyism began in the late 1940s and ended in the mid to late 1950s. McCarthyism came to be synonymous with the term witch-hunt, the act of making serious but unsubstantiated charges against people in public life.

The Second Red Scare's Fraternal Twin
For decades historians have scrutinized the victims, proponents, and schemes of American Cold War internal security politics, most of which have been subsumed under the imprecise term McCarthyism." Few, however, have taken serious notice of the closely related yet distinct and insidious Cold War persecution of homosexuals during the 1950s and beyond.

Origins of the Red Scare Revisited

Red Scare Filmography

Red Scare - Further Readings

House Un-American Activities Committee

HUAC, and the censorship changes
The content of Hollywood films has always been regulated in one form or another, however between 1947 and 1954 the House Un–American Activities Committee (HUAC) became indirectly involved in this kind of regulation.

Un-American Activities Committee | Spartacus
The Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was originally established in 1937 under the chairmanship of Martin Dies. The main objective of the HUAC was the investigation of un-American and subversive activities.

House Un-American Activities Committee |Eleanor Roosevelt National Historic Site
The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was created in 1938 to investigate alleged disloyalty and subversive activities on the part of private citizens, public employees, and those organizations suspected of having Communist ties.

What is HUAC?
The House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) was an investigative committee in the United States House of Representatives which was meant to look into suspected cases of subversion and disloyalty to the United States government

The House Un-American Activities Committee and the Rise of Anti-Communism
The following information deals with the hearings performed by the House Un-American Activities Committee - mostly referred to as HUAC - and the people whose lives were affected by the hearings; both those who testified and those who did not. It is about anti-Communism and how it culminated in the "Red Scare" in the early fifties. But mostly it is about conscience. How people felt about the whole procedure of "naming names" and how they prioritized morality and conscience vs. their jobs.

Ayn Rand's HUAC Testimony
The following is a full transcript of the testimony by Ayn Rand before the United States House of Representatives' Committee on Un-American Activities (commonly known as the House Un-American Activities Committee, or HUAC1) on October 20, 1947. To make Rand's testimony more meaningful to contemporary readers, this transcript includes explanatory notes and background material. None of the speakers' words have been altered or omitted.

House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)
Congressional committee that held hearings on the film and entertainment industries in 1938, 1947, 1951-52, 1953-55, and 1957-58.

Documentary about HUAC

General Information

The impact of WWII and the 1950's

1950s Current Events

Cold War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Cold War was the continuing state of conflict, tension and competition that existed primarily between the United States and the Soviet Union and those countries' respective allies from the mid-1940s to the early 1990s.

The Cold War
The Cold War dominated international relations throughout the world for 35 years

BBC - History - Cold War

The National Cold War Exhibition

The National Archives Learning Curve | Cold War
Cold War uses an extensive range of original source material including documents, photographs, posters and video

Cold War | Spartacus Educational
Political and Military Figures, Issues, Events & Organizations

The Cold War | The Avalon Project at Yale Law School
Includes transcripts of important and landmarking documents that "legalized"
major events of the Cold War

Outlines

Outline WWII and the Cold War

Timelines

Timeline 1950

Cold War: 1945 - 1990

1950-1959 C.E. Media History Project

Movie Timeline - 1950-1959

Black History Timeline: 1950s

Cold War Timeline 1945-1989 | Time Search

Berlin Airlift

Maps & Atlases

Nuclear Proliferation

Post Cold War

Source: Historical Atlas of the Twentieth Century

Study Guides

Cold War Glossary

Key Terms--Soviet Politics and Society

The Vietnam War (1945-1975): Key People & Terms

The Cold War (1945–1963)

Cold War Handout

Cold War Study guide flash cards | Quizlet

Cold War Study Guide: 1945-1962

Speeches

Inaugural Address of Harry S. Truman
Thursday, January 20, 1949

First Inaugural Address of Dwight D. Eisenhower
Tuesday, January 20, 1953

Second Inaugural Address of Dwight D. Eisenhower
Monday, January 21, 1957

Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy
Friday, January 20, 1961

Inaugural Address of Lyndon Baines Johnson
Wednesday, January 20, 1965

Audio / Video: Harry S. Truman

Political Cartoons

Herblock’s History: Political Cartoons from the Crash to the Millenium

Activities & Quizzes

Cold War America: 1945-1960

Cold War definitions

Quizzes and activities about the Cold War

Quiz - Cold War Quotes

International relations 1945 - 1991
This site is freaking AWE-some! You need to check it out!

The Cold War in Popular Music

The Cold War Discussion Board

Forum	Topics	Replies	Last Action
Postwar Economy Significant economic changes in the postwar period	5	9	28 April 2009 - 09:41 PM Last Post by:Teacher
Postwar Social Changes How social changes of the postwar period affected diverse Americans	6	6	07 April 2009 - 07:31 AM Last Post by:Teacher
Postwar Science How postwar science added to our economic strength, transformed daily life, and influenced the world economy	2	2	07 April 2009 - 07:55 AM Last Post by:Teacher
Cold War: Origins & Results The origins and domestic consequences of the Cold War	7	7	07 April 2009 - 09:01 AM Last Post by:Teacher
U.S. Foreign Policy U.S. foreign policy in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, and Latin America	3	3	07 April 2009 - 10:40 AM Last Post by:Teacher
Vietnam War The foreign and domestic consequences of U.S. involvement in Vietnam	5	5	07 April 2009 - 03:57 PM Last Post by:Teacher
Postwar Politics Political debates of the postwar era	5	5	07 April 2009 - 04:31 PM Last Post by:Teacher
New Frontier & Great Society Domestic policies and social reform during the Cold War era	5	5	07 April 2009 - 04:48 PM Last Post by:Teacher
Civil Rights Reclaiming pride in identity and demanding equal rights	7	7	08 April 2009 - 08:32 AM Last Post by:Teacher
Women's Movement How women have advanced civil and equal rights for all Americans	3	3	08 April 2009 - 08:55 AM Last Post by:Teacher
Warren Court The contributions of the Warren Court in advancing civil liberties and equal rights	3	3	08 April 2009 - 09:42 AM Last Post by:Teacher

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